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WILMETTE LIFE, FRIDAY, DECEMBER S, 1924 DIRT CAUSES MOST TROUBLE Expert Tells How Engine Parts Are Tested lmt- ing aeou ~di ces om C ry~talVzation and breakage, form erly g 1vcn as the cause for th e far1ure of a part of a motor car after a long per iod of service, has become one of the .explod.cd theories of the past. Stud1 es wh1ch have destroyed the old "c~ys tallization" theory have also pomted. ~he. wa~ to even greater de pen dablltty 111 h1ghly stressed parts of the pres ent day ca~, according to L. A. Danse, metallurg1st of the Cadillac .Motor Car company. M_ r. D~nse ex.plains that in advanced engmee.nng Circles the mysterious ~ om.ethmg commonly called crystallIZation and breakage has been ana- rlllllllllllllllllllllftiUIIIIJIIIIIIJIJIJIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIJIIJIIIIIIIIJIIJHIHIHIIJIIJitllllnltiiiRIIIIIIIIIIniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1 l~ zed just a~ medic.al men analyze a ?·se.ase. and 1s?late 1ts germs and that t 1t IS ~~ rea)1ty. "fatigue" breakage, due to 1mpunty m the metal or some MacarOon. and Lady Finpraf on e other definite defect which can They're made of the choicest innow be exposed by known laboratory and physical tests. gredients. And they're made by expert bakers. . "As metals are naturally crystalline st.ructure," states Mr. Danse, "it i Say "SEIDEL'S" to your Grocer i ev1dent that breakage in service is due to c~ystallization. The metal . .a crystallme mass from the time !t IS .fi~st melted and poured. When !t soltddies after melting and pouring, 1t assumes the crystalline character· the same as water solidifies to snow' fro st or ice crystals. ' Juat Plain Dirt ; ) Sci-tific It Maau facturia· Opticiaaa "Researches in metallurgy show that _ 712 Church Street EVANSTON ()ppoaite Orrinrtoa Hotel ~ = wh ere a motor car part fails in ser- 1 i Phoae Uai..reity 1841 ()pea Thure. It SaL E··· till I P. M. I vic~ . the principal. cause is not mysJf()R t~nous a.t ~II. I! 1s usually just plain '.MIIIIIIIJIIUIIIHINIIIINIJIIIIIIIJIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIJIIIIIJIIHIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIJIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIM' d1rt. It IS n_npunty so microscopically ~==:=======~~~==================================~------~==~~---------------------------------------fine that Without the most conscientious examination it defies detection. "Th~ met!hod of determining the cleanhness of a metal is really very simple. It is merely a process of taking infinite pains-accuracy of examination and analysis to a degree formerly u11known even in the best of laboratories. "H ere at Cadillac every lot of metal intended for use in highly stressed part s for the car must undergo the m?st thorough microscopical examination. "Th e sample to be examined is first polished to a degree of smoothness seldom seen in commercial products. Smoothness in highly polished plate glass or in a piece of silverware is cr'!de compared to the smoothnt'ss reqlllred in the testing laboratory. Spoon Ilhutratlon "Takt: a silver spoon, for example. I~ you arc invited out to dinner to!'lg~t .and have been lucky in your ·~v1tat10n, maybe there will be a real s1lv.er spoon at your place, newly poltshed by the best Good Housekeepmg methods. To your eye it looks ~erfectly smooth. As it passes your hps they also record perfect smoothne.ss. That surface under a powerful mtscroscope would have ruts and furrows; and a plated spoon in a quick lunch room, under this same microscope, would plainly show mountains and valleys. " When we prepare this sample for examination , we must make it even !Jlicroscopically smooth. Five hours 1s spent in polishing a half-inch square of surface. "This surface is then examined unde.r a glass magnifying to 100 diameters-a task for a busy 20 minutes. One might examine it in IS minutes. but he would have to slight some areas of the surface which might contain dirt inclusions." The metallurgist was interrupted by an exclamation, and continued with a smile, "Yes, you can glance at a nickel in an instant and know that it is a five-cent piece, but if you really want to see it and know how pure that nickel is, it will ta"ke you 20 minutes to explore it s who le surfaceand at that will need to hustle. "After a thorough visual microscopic exan:tination the metal is photog:aphed With a cam r ra wh ich ma gnifies from 100 to 2000 diameters and suspected area s arc mo re closely studied. Watch for lmpuritiea "The structure Q1USt be lin e in order to have the streng th which th e work to be done by the part r equires ; so we must watch for im purit ies which would lessen that str eng th. "Sometimes we ha\'e to follow a piece of metal all the way back t o the steel mill , wh ere it was fir st poured into ingots, and suggest changes in method s th er e in order to bring it up to th e required st a ndard. "This original in spection is just a beginning. That lot of m etal is fol lowed all through the manufacturing process. At every s tag e sampl es are brought to the laboratory and re-examined. Every day connec ting rod s, for instance, are taken from stock, cut open and examined just a s a check upon th~ cleanliness and strength of the metal being used. ··A smgle defccuve part iit a steeri n ~ mcch J nism, we remember, might a t some futur e time co3t a human 1 ir , <1 nd every possi bil!ty of such a part ent r r :ng a Cadillac car must be ai.Jsolutely eliminated before that part is assembled in the fini shed chassis." IF YOU USE BALLOONS balloon-type Snubbers are designed to cive the necessary free play that enables low pressure tires to absorb the small bumps on apparently smooth used about six hours aad fifty tlliallltlla roads. At the same time, they have ' I per day. . he increased braking action needed - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - to control the springs and tire action ,. when larger bumps are encountered. DR. SOFIA HAAG "These new Gabriel Snubbers make Na........ a world of difference in the riding Chronic and Nervous AilJDaltj comfort of cars equipped with low A Specialty pressure tires. They are especially deHours 2 to 5 and by ap~illtmeat signed for balloon tires, just as the Otlice: 117 ca......,. St:net standard Gabriel Snubber is designed Phone Wu...tlaa · The motorist who changes hi s tires for standard tires." over to balloon s or any other low pre ssure tire should equip with the At all new Gabriel balloon-type Snubbers to conform. points out Arch B. Van Deuscn of Motors Service, Inc., 'local Gabriel di stributor. "Car ·own er s changin g over to low pressure tires should come in to see us regarding the proper snubber if they de sire actually to achieve the easier riding results they seek," he Tasty and' delicious I That's what said yesterday. "The new Gabriel everyone says who samples JUST GLANCE AT THIS Firstdasa Orocera ! A Fine Line of Lorgnettes, Oxford Eye I I i i Glasses, Field Glasses, Barometers Thermometers, Magnifier·, Etc. for Xmas ,~ SEIDEL'S I ; ' HATTSTROM & SANDERS i 1 FAMOlJS :MACAROONS &.LADY PIJiKJI!IIS CARROLL RIDGWAY INC. The Store for Children A BILITY sum e to responsibility in such a manner as to relieve the family of all worriment has been the secret of our success. High standards govern our work. We Understand -E.....t . . At this joyous season when parties and the children's happiness are uppermost in mind, what could be more bewitching than one of our dainty party frocks? Evanston-TWO SHOPS- Wilmette